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1829
Outstanding Cuban poet Juan Cristóbal Nápoles Fajardo was born.
01 de Julio de 1829
Juan Cristóbal Nápoles Fajardo, who became an outstanding poet known as "El Cucalambé", was born in Las Tunas on July 1, 1829.
His first decimas (ten-verse stanza of Spanish origin) were published in 1845 in the city of Santa María del Puerto del Príncipe, name used formerly for current Camagüey.
In 1856, El Cucalambé published his poem book entitled "Rumores del Hormigo." Although he cultivated other metric ones in the versification, the décima had in him an exquisite author. He was representative of siboneyismo and criollismo literary trends in poetry.
In the area of El Cornito in the city of Las Tunas, the remains of what used to be his house are conserved.
About this place, Nápoles Fajardo wrote in one of his works:
By the side of a palm grove
which surround the fertile Cornito
under the shade of a star apple tree
my rustic home I have.
In this unequaled shelter
with my mother and my brothers,
always cheerful, with my hand
the ferocious land I fertilize
I love my wife and I sing
my poor Cuban songs.
During the last three years of his life, he lived in Santiago de Cuba and in this city he disappeared leaving no traces of the final stage of 1851.
1889
First issue from "La Edad de Oro".
01 de Julio de 1889
La Edad de Oro was a monthly magazine dedicated to children leisure and instruction published by José Martí. Only four numbers were issued. This magazine allows us to see how the great writer was also able to address to the youngest. In his letter to Manuel Mercado, dated August 1889, Martí expressed: “...it has to be for assisting in what I would like to assist, to fill our lands with original men, raised to be happy in the land where they live, and live in accordance with it (...)”. The magazine included stories, poems and instructive articles such as: “Tres Héroes” (“Three Heroes”), where Martí introduces three great Latin American patriots: Bolívar, Hidalgo and San Martín to the children; “Las Ruinas Indias” (“The Indian Ruins”) where he describes, as anyone could, vanished indigenous Latin America cities and “El Padre las Casas” (“Father Las Casas”) where he develops a magistral study on the great defender of the Cuban Indians.
1894
Writer Nicolás Azcárate died.
01 de Julio de 1894
He was born in July 21st, 1828 and died in July 1st, 1894. He studied high school in Güines and gratuated as Bachelor in Madrid. After having returned from Spain, he settled the Revista de Jurisprudencia with José Manuel Mestre and Francisco Fesser in 1856. in 1861 he founded the Liceo de Guanabacoa, becoming the President of his section of Literature. When the cultural meetings at the Liceo were supressed by the colonial authorities, he began private conversazione at home, which brought about the anthology Noches literarias en casa de Nicolás Azcárate.
He collaborated, with other authors in Ofrenda al Bazar de la Casa de Beneficencia. In 1866 he travelled to Madrid with the Junta de Comisionados representing the municipality of Güines. He settled the newspaper El siglo XIX and collaborated with La Constitución in Madrid. He returned to Havana in 1875, but he was forced to move to Mexico because of a decreet issued by governor Valmaseda. Together with Antenor Lescano he published El Eco de Ambos Mundos in the Mexican capital. He collaborated with La Colonia Española. In 1878 he returned to Havana and revived his conversazione, then at J. M. Céspedes’home, toook part in the foundation of the Liceo de La Habana and became its President. With other intellectuals and artists he created the Asociación de Escritores y Artistas Cubanos. He was founder of the Democratic Party.
1912
First issue of Orto magazine from Manzanillo.
01 de Julio de 1912
In July 1st, 1912, the first issue of Orto magazine was published in Manzanillo former Oriente province). This publication covered 45 years of Cuban cultural live, being one of the 20th century most steady cultural efforts in Cuba. It was born sponsored by "El Arte" publishing house and its owner: Juan Francisco Sariol, who kept it practically all the time along 45 years. A group of intellectuals from Manzanillo were in charge of editing it, and in its pages we can find works by the most outstanding poets, narrators, essayists, intellectuals and artists along almost half a century. For instance: Juan Marinello, Carlos Rafael Rodríguez, Raúl Roa and Mirta Aguirre are together with Miguel de Unamuno, Gabrielle D'Annunzio, Federico García Lorca, Henri Barbusse, Panait Istrati, among others, thus becoming this magazine in a showcase of that almost imposible aim of linking the Cuban culture with the best and most relevant and current of the world literature and culture in general.
1915
Poet and outstanding Pedagogue Raúl Ferrer was born.
01 de Julio de 1915
He was born on July 1st, 1915 and died on January 12th, 1993. Poet and outstanding Pedagogue dedicated his life to revolutionary praxis rather than literary ongoing. He was in charge of several fronts at the educational sector being National Vice Coordinator of the Anti-Illiteracy Campaign and Vice Minister for adults education. He represented Cuba at the World Conference on Adults Education held in Tokyo, and other national and international events. He published his poetries and works on education and other themes in the leading Cuban newspapers and magazines.
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