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1803
Poet José María Heredia was born.
31 de Diciembre de 1803
He was born in Santiago de Cuba, in December 31st, 1803 and died in Mexico, in May 7th, 1839. At the age of eight he translated Horatio. He studied Latin Grammar in the University of Caracas. His earliest handwritten poems known dated back to those years. In the University of Havana he began studying Laws, and around 1819, he acted in Matanzas in his play Eduardo IV o El usurpador clemente (presumible a translation) and created the tragedy Moctezuma y el sainete o El campesino espantado. He went to Mexico where he carried on his studies.
During these years he began collaborating in periodical publishings and compiled his earliest poetical compositions in two handwritten notebooks. He came back to Havana, where he became Bachelor in Laws, settled the Biblioteca de Damas (Ladies´Library), premiered the tragedy Atreo, imitation from French, in Matanzas (1822). In 1823 he became lawyer in Puerto Príncipe High Court of Justice. Back to Matanzas, he is denounced for conspiring against the Spanish domination, he is sentenced to jail in November 5th, 1823. He secretly shipped to Boston in November 14th. Later he went to New York and visited different places of the United States.
In 1825 he moved to Mexico, being appointed officer of the Secretary of State and of the Bureau of Internal and External Affairs in 1826. For several months of that year he was co-editor of El Iris,. The mishappenings of his administrative career run parallelly with the intense political unrest of the country. He settled Tlalpam Miscelánea; he published Minerva magazine and collaborated in Noticioso General, Semanario Político y Literario de México, El Amigo del Pueblo, El Indicador Federal, El Sol, El Conservador, El Fénix de la Libertad, El Reformador, Recreo de las Familias, Diario del Gobierno de la República Mexicana, Diario del Gobierno Constitucional de La Habana, El Indicador Constitucional, Semanario de Matanzas, El Revisor Político y Literario, Diario de La Habana, La Moda o Recreo Semanal del Bello Sexo and Aguinaldo Habanero. In November 1936 he travelled to Havana, after a short staying he came back to Veracruz, where he worked as editor of the Diario del Gobierno, in January, 1937.
Developed a huge labour as translater, and he translated from English: the novels: Waverly o Ahora sesenta años and El Epicúreo; the Elements of History by professor Tyler under the title of: Lecciones de Historia Universal; numerous tragedies from French: Sila. Tragedia en cinco actos and Tiberio. Tragedia en cinco actos, Pirro, Abufar o la familia árabe, Cayo Graco, Saúl and El fanatismo. He translated numerous poems from Latin, French, Italian and English. Among the many other lesser translations he made, can be remembered, from French: Bosquejo de los viajes aéreos de Eugenio Robertson en Europa, los Estados Unidos y las Antillas. His poems have been translated to several foreign languages. It was usual he signed his journalisitic articles only with the initial letter of his surname. In his beginings as writer, he made use of the pseudonym of Eidareh. Among his poems outstands his ode “Al Niágara”, “En el teocalli de Cholula”, “A la estrella de Venus”.
1835
Eminent violinist José Silvestre de los Dolores White Laffite was born
31 de Diciembre de 1835
He was born in Matanzas in December 31st, 1835 and died in París in March 12th, 1918. His parents, Charles White, French trader and María Escolástica Laffite, Cuban, black woman, encouraged the early musical vocation of his little son, whom, at the age of 8, studied violin with professor José Miguel Román and, later, with Pedro F. Lecerff. At the age of 15 he composed his first work : Misa para dos voces y orquesta. (Two Voices and Orchestra Mass). At the age of 18 years he won the First Grand Prix, in the Conservatory of Paris –where he studied and in which he would become professor, some time-, with the later concert Opus 29, by Viotti, in July 29th, 1856. Four years later he would compose the piece which universally identified him : La bella cubana, (The Beautiful Cuban Woman), considered one of the leading pieces which identify Cuba.
Attentively treated and decorated by emperors, kings and presidents, and acclaimed by most demanding audiences, the great violinist came back for its second and last time to his beloved island in 1875. He has already visited in 1858, when he staged concerts in Havana, Santiago de Cuba and in Matanzas, his hometown. But, suggested by Spanish authorities he had to leave, supposedly related with people opposed to colonial regime. His magnificent art was admired in Spain, England, Venezuela, Peru, Chile, Argentina, Uruguay, Brazil –where he lived for many yers-, United States of America (New York, Philadelphia and Boston) and Mexico. Settler of Cuban violinistic art, creator and concertist, and beside, eminent professor, his talent was acknowledged by José Martí.
1894
Hojas Literarias magazine last issue.
31 de Diciembre de 1894
Havana monthly magazine. Its first issue is dated March 31st, 1893.Completely edited by Manuel Sanguily, although sometimes works by Enrique Piñeyro are published in it. His manager was Antonio del Monte. Literary criticisms, but mainly political subjects appeared in it. Five issues were published, being the last one the corresponding to December 31st, 1894.
1970
Musician Arsenio Rodríguez died.
31 de Diciembre de 1970
He was born in Güira de Macuriges, Matanzas province, in August 30th, 1911 and he died in Los Ángeles, California, in December 31st, 1970. His true name was Ignacio Loyola Rodríguez. Being a teenager he began to make music, but at the age of 13 he got blind. This was not an obstacle for him to develop his great musical abilities.
When he knew that nevermore he would be able to see again, he composed his most famous piece, the world-wide known bolero “La vida es un sueño” (“Life is a Dream”)
Aka “El ciego maravilloso”, (The Marvelous Blind) he founded his orchestra in the 1940´s, Immediately it became famous because the quality of its music, both for its lyrics as well as for orchestra arrangements. In the 1950´s he travelled to New York, residing in the U.S.A until his death . It is considered that he made reforms, in the music of his times. He was able to create fusions from some music genres and reach its characteristic timbre, which is still well remembered. Author of: “Bruca Manigua”, “Tumba palo cocuyé”, “Cárdenas”, “En su partir”, “Acerca el oído”, “Nos estamos alejando”, among many others.
1981
Sugar Mill Taoro is declared National Monument.
31 de Diciembre de 1981
Sugar Mill Taoro is declared National Monument. It consists on the ruins of the sugar mill built in 1857 and set on fire during a mambí combat in 1896. Ruins of the slave barracks are still kept.
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